Seems to kill all trees within 1 tile part way through the 'mature' stage. Will update with more info and add to main page as I collect more data.
Added: "decreasing the difficulty of succesfully shooting the target" on what willow does for bows.
On Test, with a willow longbow:<br/>
[14:47:12] Difficulty=55, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.2, power=28.22125244140625<br/>
[14:47:54] Difficulty=55, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.2, power=82.18390655517578<br/>
[14:48:07] Difficulty=55, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.20057852493622, power=95.86631774902344<br/>
[14:48:20] Difficulty=55, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.20057852493622, power=69.2175521850586<br/>
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With a pinewood longbow with just 1ql less than the willow one (hard to exactly get the same quality), but from the same spot:<br/>
[14:48:50] Difficulty=60, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.20115682410432, power=-5.653377532958984<br/>
[14:49:05] Difficulty=60, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.20115682410432, power=54.0521354675293<br/>
[14:49:38] Difficulty=60, of which deviation=29.791412743280517, bonus=117.20173489761706, power=26.112468719482422<br/>
It's kind of hard to say the difficulty drops by exactly 5 points (might just be some kind of percentage or something else), but the difficulty certainly drops.<br/>
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